Private Pilot License (PPL) Aerodynamics Practice Exam

Which condition is associated with flying at high angles of attack?

1. Cruise flight stability

2. P-factor induced yaw

3. Stable rate of descent

4. Increased lift-to-drag ratio

The correct answer is: P-factor induced yaw

Flying at high angles of attack is characterized by a significant increase in lift production but also leads to a variety of aerodynamic phenomena. One of the key effects associated with high angles of attack is P-factor, which occurs due to the asymmetrical thrust produced by the propeller in a single-engine airplane. When an airplane operates at a high angle of attack, the propeller blades on the descending side of the rotation (usually the right side for a clockwise-rotating propeller) generate more lift than those on the ascending side. This difference in lift results in a yawing motion, pulling the nose of the aircraft to the left. Consequently, pilots need to compensate for this yawing effect with rudder input, particularly during takeoff, landing, or when performing maneuvers at high angles of attack. In this context, P-factor becomes a critical consideration when managing the aircraft’s flight path and ensuring controlled flight at higher angles of attack. Understanding P-factor's impact helps pilots anticipate and counteract induced yaw, maintaining the aircraft's stability and control.