Private Pilot License (PPL) Aerodynamics Practice Exam

What must a pilot be aware of due to ground effect?

1. Induced drag increases leading to stalling

2. Induced drag decreases, potentially causing floating during flare

3. Visibility issues due to dust lift

4. Lower fuel consumption rate

The correct answer is: Induced drag decreases, potentially causing floating during flare

Being aware of ground effect is crucial for pilots during takeoff and landing phases of flight. Ground effect refers to the increase in lift and decrease in drag that occur when an aircraft is close to the ground, typically within one wingspan's length. The correct answer emphasizes that induced drag decreases when in ground effect. This reduction in induced drag can lead to a situation known as "floating" during the landing flare, where the aircraft may remain airborne longer and not settle onto the runway as expected. Pilots need to understand this phenomenon to manage their descent rate and landing approach effectively, maintaining appropriate control over the aircraft to ensure a safe landing. In contrast, issues concerning visibility, fuel consumption, and stalling are not directly related to ground effect. These other options address different concerns that may arise during flight but do not capture the essence of how ground effect influences lift and drag specifically, nor do they highlight the significance of managing the landing profile affected by this aerodynamics principle.