Private Pilot License (PPL) Aerodynamics Practice Exam

What may result from excess speed at the point of flare due to ground effect?

1. Improved landing accuracy

2. Uncontrolled descent rate

3. Considerable floating during landing

4. Reduced landing distances

The correct answer is: Considerable floating during landing

Excess speed at the point of flare can lead to considerable floating during landing because of the influence of ground effect. Ground effect occurs when an aircraft is close to the ground, significantly altering its aerodynamic characteristics. This phenomenon reduces drag and increases lift at lower altitudes, allowing an aircraft to "float" for longer distances than intended during the landing phase. When an aircraft is traveling faster than optimal during the flare, it may not descend as quickly as expected, causing it to remain airborne longer. This floating can lead to a longer touchdown point, potentially extending the landing roll and complicating the landing process. The other options may seem relevant but do not directly relate to the specific implications of excess speed during the flare in connection to ground effect. Improved landing accuracy and reduced landing distances typically arise from proper speed management, not excess speed. An uncontrolled descent rate would be more associated with inadequate speed rather than excess speed, which could instead result in a float while maintaining control over descent.