What is load factor in aviation?

Load factor in aviation refers specifically to the ratio of lift force generated by the wings to the weight of the aircraft. This concept is crucial for understanding how an aircraft responds to various flight conditions and maneuvers.

When an aircraft is in level flight, the lift produced must equal the weight of the aircraft for it to maintain altitude; thus, the load factor is 1:1. However, during turns, climbs, or descents, the load factor changes as additional lift is required to counteract the effects of maneuvering forces, leading to a situation where the load factor can exceed 1. This increased load factor can affect aircraft performance, structural integrity, and the sensation of "G" forces experienced by the pilot and passengers.

By understanding load factor, pilots can better manage flight operations, ensuring that the aircraft remains within safe operating limits under various flying conditions. This concept is essential for maintaining not only the performance of the aircraft but also the safety of all onboard.