Higher aspect ratios enhance aerodynamic efficiency due to the relationship between wing design and the flow of air over the wing. A wing with a higher aspect ratio—meaning it is longer and narrower—generates less induced drag compared to a wing with a lower aspect ratio. This is because a higher aspect ratio allows for a more laminar airflow over the wing surface, which reduces the vortex strength generated at the wingtips, a primary source of induced drag.
Additionally, wings with higher aspect ratios typically can produce greater lift at a given angle of attack. This increases their efficiency, as the aircraft can achieve optimal performance with improved lift-to-drag ratios, especially during slow flight and climb phases. This aerodynamic efficiency is a key factor in the design of gliders and aircraft intended for prolonged flight or reduced power settings.
While other factors, such as wing shape and airfoil design, also play important roles, the higher aspect ratio is fundamentally linked to improved performance characteristics, particularly in terms of maintaining lift while minimizing drag. This is why the answer regarding enhanced aerodynamic efficiency is the correct choice.